ASTM A182 standard specification is for forged and rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, fittings, valves and parts for high temperature service. Common grades of alloy steel is Grade F5, F9, F11, F22, stainless steel F304/L and F316/L.

ASTM A182 標準規范適用于高溫環境下鍛造和軋制合金和不銹鋼管法蘭、配件、閥門和零件。合金鋼的常見牌號是 F5 、 F9 、 F11 、 F22 級，不銹鋼 F304/L 和 F316/L 。

Scope 范圍

The standard applies to forged low alloy steel and stainless steel pipe parts for use in pressure systems. These include flanges, fittings, valves and similar parts that meet specified size or size standards. And it includes several grades of low carbon alloy steel and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. So it should be selected according to the design and use requirements.

When additional tests or inspections are required, supplementary requirements are provided for use. When the purchaser has specified them individually in the order, and it can be used.

本標準適用于壓力系統中使用的鍛造低合金鋼和不銹鋼管件。這些包括法蘭、配件、閥門和符合指定尺寸或尺寸標準的類似零件。它包括幾種等級的低碳合金鋼和鐵素體、馬氏體、奧氏體和鐵素 - 奧氏體不銹鋼。因此，應根據設計和使用要求進行選擇。

當需要進行額外的測試或檢查時，會提供補充要求以供使用。當購買者在訂單中單獨指定了它們時，就可以使用了。

Common Grades​ 常見等級

Alloy grade:  ASTM A182 F5, F9, F91, F92, F11, F12, F21, F22
Stainless steel grade: ASTM A182 F304, F304L, F316, F316L

Alloy Flange: ASTM A182 F11, F22

ASTM F11, F22 is the most use alloy steel grade in ASTM A182.

合金等級： ASTM A182 F5 、 F9 、 F91 、 F92 、 F11 、 F12 、 F21 、 F22

不銹鋼等級： ASTM A182 F304 、 F304L 、 F316 、 F316L

合金法蘭： ASTM A182 F11 、 F22

ASTM F11 、 F22 是 ASTM A182 中使用最多的合金鋼等級

Stainless Steel Flange: ASTM A182 F316 不銹鋼法蘭： ASTM A182 F316

ASTM A182 F316 is most used for stainless steel flange, includes weld neck flange, slip on flange, blind flange, socket weld flange and etc.

Either alloy steel or stainless steel flange dimensions available for the OD up to 48 inch, class pressure from 150# to 2500#.

ASTM A182 F316 最常用于不銹鋼法蘭，包括焊頸法蘭、滑套法蘭、盲板法蘭、承插焊法蘭等。

合金鋼或不銹鋼法蘭尺寸可用于外徑高達 48 英寸，壓力等級為 150# 至 2500# 。

Units 單位

This specification is expressed in inch-pounds and SI units. 本規范以英寸 - 磅和國際單位制表示。

Manufacture Types 制造類型

For Low Alloy Ferritic Steels 低合金鐵素體鋼

Low alloy ferritic steels should be smelted in one of the following methods: 低合金鐵素體鋼應采用以下方法之一冶煉：
a. Open hearth furnaces a. 平爐
b. Electric furnaces b. 電爐
c. Basis -oxygen process (with the option of separate degassing and refining processes). c. 基礎 - 氧氣工藝（可選擇單獨的脫氣和精煉工藝）。

For Stainless Steel 適用于不銹鋼

Stainless steel should be smelted in one of the following ways: 不銹鋼應通過以下方式之一冶煉：
a. Electric furnace (with separate deoxidation and refining (optional)) a. 電爐（帶單獨脫氧和精煉（可選））
b. Vacuum furnace b. 真空爐
c. One of the above, followed by vacuum or electroslag self-consumption remelting. c. 上述之一，然后進行真空或電渣自耗重熔。
The discard should be removed sufficiently, so as to ensure the elimination of harmful shrinkage and excessive segregation. 應充分清除廢料，以確保消除有害的收縮和過度離析。

Chemical Composition 化學成分

Chemical heat analysis shall be performed and consistent with the chemical composition requirements of Table 1.

Grades that add lead, selenium or other elements to make the material easier machined, it should not be used.

It is not permissible to add any element that exceeds the corresponding material grade listed in Table 2 for the raw materials produced in accordance with a certain standard.

Except for nitrogen in stainless steel, the ordered grade shall not contain unspecified elements to the extent that the content meets the requirements of another grade, which have the specified element with the minimum required content.

應進行化學熱分析，并符合表 1 的化學成分要求。

不應使用添加鉛、硒或其他元素以使材料更容易加工的等級。

對于按照特定標準生產的原材料，不允許添加任何超過表 2 中列出的相應材料等級的元素。

除不銹鋼中的氮外，訂購等級不得含有未指定的元素，只要其含量符合另一等級的要求，該等級具有最低要求含量的指定元素。

C: The present grade F 5a (0.25 max carbon) previous to 1995 eas assigned the identification symbol F 5. Identification symbol F 5 in 1955 was assigned to the 0.15 max carbon grade to be consistent with ASTM soecification for other products such as pipe, tubing, bolting, welding fittings, and the like. C ： 1995 年之前的當前等級 F5a （最大碳含量 0.25 ）被指定為識別符號 F5 。 1955 年，標識符號 F5 被指定為 0.15 的最大碳等級，以符合 ASTM 對其他產品（如管道、管材、螺栓連接、焊接配件等）的規范。

D: Applies to both heat and product analysises. D ： 適用于熱量和產品分析。

I: Grade F 321 shall have a titanium content of not less than five times the carbon content and not more than 0.70%. I ： F321 級的鈦含量不得低于碳含量的五倍，也不得超過 0.70% 。

Mechanical Properties 機械性能

For the grade ordered as listed in Table 2, the mechanical properties of the material shall comply with the requirements. 對于表 2 中列出的等級，材料的機械性能應符合要求。

Table 2:

C: For sections over 5 in. [130 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 70 ksi [485 MPa].

D: For sections over 5 in. [130 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 65 ksi [450 MPa].

C ： 對于厚度超過 5 英寸 [130 毫米 ] 的部分，最小抗拉強度應為 70 千磅 / 平方英寸 [485 兆帕 ] 。

D ： 對于厚度超過 5 英寸 [130 毫米 ] 的部分，最小抗拉強度應為 65 千磅 / 平方英寸 [450 兆帕 ] 。

Tension Test 拉伸 測試

For low alloy steel, ferritic and martensitic stainless steel, one tension test shall be performed for each heat in each heat treatment charge.

When the heat treating cycle are the same and the furnace is controlled within ±25°F[±14℃]. And it is equipped with a recording pyrometer, so as to obtain a complete heat treatment record. However, only one tensile test is performed for each heat of each forging type and section size, rather than the per heating in each heat treatment charge.

對于低合金鋼、鐵素體和馬氏體不銹鋼，應在每次熱處理裝料中對每爐進行一次拉伸試驗。

當熱處理周期相同，爐子控制在 ± 25 ° F[ ± 14 ℃ ] 以內時。并配有記錄高溫計，以獲得完整的熱處理記錄。然而，每種鍛造類型和截面尺寸的每爐只進行一次拉伸試驗，而不是每爐熱處理裝料中的每爐。

Retreatment

If the results of the mechanical properties test do not meet the specified requirements,  and the forgings may be performed heat treatment again. Meanwhile the mechanical properties test should comply with requirement.

如果機械性能測試的結果不符合規定的要求，鍛件可以再次進行熱處理。同時，機械性能測試應符合要求。

Nondestructive Test Requirements 無損檢測要求

For hollow forgings of grades F91, F92, F122 and F911, greater than or equal to NPS 4 (DIN 100). The inner surface of which cannot be inspected by magnetic particle or liquid penetration, the ultrasonic inspection shall be carried out in accordance with A388 / A388M.

If the inner surface is accessible, it shall be examined by the magnetic particle in accordance with regulation A275/A275M, or by the penetration test according to test method E165.

適用于大于或等于 NPS 4 （ DIN 100 ）的 F91 、 F92 、 F122 和 F911 級空心鍛件。其內表面不能通過磁粉或液體滲透進行檢查，應按照 A388/A388M 進行超聲波檢查。

如果內表面是可接近的，則應按照 A275/A275M 的規定用磁粉進行檢查，或按照試驗方法 E165 進行滲透試驗。

Main point of Manufacture 制造要點

The material should be forged as close to the actual specified shape and size as possible.
Elbows, U-bends, tees, connecting tees and any type of flange should not be processed directly from bars.

Cylindrical shaped parts can be machined using forged or rolled solution annealed austenitic stainless steel without the need for additional thermal processing.

Cylindrical shaped low-alloy, martensite, ferrite and ferrite-austenitic stainless steel parts that less than or equal to NPS-4 [DN 100], may be machined using forged or rolled bars without additional hot processing.

材料應盡可能接近實際指定的形狀和尺寸。

彎頭、 U 形彎頭、三通、連接三通和任何類型的法蘭都不應直接從鋼筋上加工。

圓柱形零件可以使用鍛造或軋制的固溶退火奧氏體不銹鋼進行加工，而不需要額外的熱處理。

小于或等于 NPS-4[DN 100] 的圓柱形低合金、馬氏體、鐵素體和鐵素體奧氏體不銹鋼零件可以使用鍛造或軋制棒材進行加工，而無需額外的熱處理。

Heat Treatment 熱處理

Heat Treatment for Forgings 鍛件的熱處理

After hot working, and the forgings shall be cooled to a temperature less than 1000 °F [538 ℃] before heat treatment as specified in Heat treatment Table 3.

熱加工后，鍛件應冷卻至 1000 ° F[538 ℃ ] 以下，然后按照熱處理表 3 的規定進行熱處理。

Table 3:

A: Minimum unless temperature range is listed
B: Not applicable
E: Forged or rolled bar meeting the requirements of 7.5 shall be liquid quenched or rapid-cooled by other means in accordance with Specification A484/ A484M

A ： 除非列出溫度范圍，否則為最低值

B ： 不適用

E ： 符合 7.5 要求的鍛造或軋制鋼筋應按照規范 A484/A484M 進行液淬或通過其他方式快速冷卻

Low-alloy steels, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels 低合金鋼、鐵素體和馬氏體不銹鋼

Low-alloy steels, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels shall be heat-treated in accordance with table 3. When more than one heat treatment is listed (optional) for a grade in table 3, any one of these is acceptable. The choice of heat treatment should be determined by the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the order. 低合金鋼、鐵素體和馬氏體不銹鋼應按照表 3 進行熱處理。當表 3 中列出了一個等級的多種熱處理（可選）時，其中任何一種都是可以接受的。除非訂單中另有規定，否則熱處理的選擇應由制造商決定。

Liquid Quenching 液體淬火

Except for F1, F2 and F3 in 3.2.2, if the temperature of each grade in Table 3 is used with the consent of purchaser. So the liquid should be allowed to quench, then tempered.

除 3.2.2 中的 F1 、 F2 和 F3 外，如果在買方同意的情況下使用表 3 中每個等級的溫度。因此，應該讓液體淬火，然后回火。
Marking 標記
Parts that are liquid quenched and tempered, and shall be marked with the letter ''QT''.

經過液體淬火和回火處理的零件，應標有字母 “ QT ”。

Grades F1, F2 and F12

In addition, grades F1, F2 and F12, Class 1 and 2 can be done a heat treatment with a minimum temperature of 1200°F, (650℃) after final cold or hot forming.

此外， F1 、 F2 和 F12 級 1 級和 2 級可以在最終冷成型或熱成型后進行最低溫度為 1200 ° F （ 650 ℃）的熱處理。

Austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels 奧氏體和鐵素體 -奧氏體不銹鋼

Austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels shall be heat treated and liquid quenched in accordance with Table 3.

奧氏體和鐵素體 - 奧氏體不銹鋼應按照表 3 進行熱處理和液淬。

Time for Heat Treatment 熱處理時間

Heat treatment of forgings can be carried out before machining.

鍛件的熱處理可以在機加工前進行。

Forged or Rolled Bar 鍛造或軋制棒材

Forged or rolled austenitic stainless steel rods for cylindrical shaped parts as specified in mechanical properties requirement. And the parts machined from bar without heat treatment after processing. It shall comply with annealing and quenching or rapid cooling requirements of A484 / A484M or this specification, and also allows for subsequent light cold drawing and straightening.

機械性能要求中規定的圓柱形零件用鍛造或軋制奧氏體不銹鋼棒。以及由棒材加工而成的零件，加工后未經熱處理。應符合 A484/A484M 或本規范的退火和淬火或快速冷卻要求，并允許隨后進行輕度冷拔和矯直。

Surface Finish, Appearance and Corrosion Protection 表面光潔度、外觀和防腐

Forgings and finished parts shall be free of scale and machined burrs that may interfere with installation, and other harmful defects as referred to in this standard. They shall have good processing quality, and the roughness of machined surfaces (except for special requirements) shall not exceed 250AA (arithmetic mean).

鍛件和成品零件應無可能干擾安裝的氧化皮和機加工毛刺，以及本標準中提到的其他有害缺陷。應具有良好的加工質量，加工表面的粗糙度（特殊要求除外）不得超過 250AA （算術平均值）。

Welding Repair Requirements 焊接修復要求

ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges are components made from stainless steel alloy containing chromium and nickel. These components are usually circular in shape with an opening in the center, which is also known as a bore. The edges of this disc-shaped component have raised surfaces that mate with other similar components or pipes to create a secure connection between two pipes or other pieces of equipment. ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges are essential components that are used in a wide range of applications. From the automotive industry to construction, these flanges can be found in many places due to their durability and strength.

ASTM A182 F304 不銹鋼法蘭是由含鉻和鎳的不銹鋼合金制成的部件。這些部件通常是圓形的，中心有一個開口，也稱為孔。這個盤形部件的邊緣有凸起的表面，與其他類似的部件或管道配合，在兩根管道或其他設備之間形成牢固的連接。 ASTM A182 F304 不銹鋼法蘭是廣泛應用的重要部件。從汽車工業到建筑業，由于其耐用性和強度，這些法蘭可以在許多地方找到。

Applications of ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges ASTM A182 F304不銹鋼法蘭的應用

These types of flanges have several applications across various industries. For example, they can be found in the automotive industry, where they provide connections between exhaust systems and catalytic converters. In addition, these flanges can be found in industrial piping systems for transporting liquids such as oil or gas, as well as air conditioning systems and refrigeration units. Other common uses include water treatment plants, chemical plants, food processing facilities, and more.

這些類型的法蘭在各個行業都有多種應用。例如，它們可以在汽車行業中找到，在那里它們提供排氣系統和催化轉化器之間的連接。此外，這些法蘭可用于輸送石油或天然氣等液體的工業管道系統，以及空調系統和制冷機組。其他常見用途包括水處理廠、化工廠、食品加工設施等。

Benefits of ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges ASTM A182 F304不銹鋼法蘭的優點

The primary benefit of using these types of flanges is their durability and strength compared to other types of metals, such as aluminum or copper. These materials can handle higher temperatures without corroding or becoming brittle like aluminum or copper would do when exposed to extreme temperatures or pressures. In addition to their strength and durability, these materials also resist corrosion better than other materials, making them ideal for environments where there is a high risk of corrosion, such as marine settings or near coastal areas. Also, they have excellent heat transfer properties, which makes them ideal for transferring heat from one component to another while still maintaining their structural integrity over time.

There are several types of Stainless Steel 304 Flanges available, including slip-on welded-neck socket welded threaded reducing, and lap joint varieties, among others. All different types serve different purposes depending on the specific application. ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flange offers a variety of benefits, including superior strength and durability compared to other metals, making it an ideal choice for many industries, Additionally, they have excellent heat transfer properties making them suitable for transferring heat from one component to another while still maintaining their structural integrity over time.

與鋁或銅等其他類型的金屬相比，使用這些類型的法蘭的主要好處是它們的耐用性和強度。這些材料可以承受更高的溫度，而不會像鋁或銅在暴露于極端溫度或壓力時那樣腐蝕或變脆。除了強度和耐用性外，這些材料還比其他材料更耐腐蝕，使其成為海洋環境或沿海地區等高腐蝕風險環境的理想選擇。此外，它們具有優異的傳熱性能，這使它們成為將熱量從一個組件傳遞到另一個組件的理想選擇，同時隨著時間的推移仍能保持其結構完整性。

有幾種類型的 304 不銹鋼法蘭可供選擇，包括滑動焊接頸承插焊接螺紋異徑管和搭接接頭等。根據具體的應用，所有不同的類型都有不同的用途。 ASTM A182 F304 不銹鋼法蘭具有多種優點，包括與其他金屬相比具有優異的強度和耐用性，使其成為許多行業的理想選擇。此外，它們具有優異的傳熱性能，使其適用于將熱量從一個部件傳遞到另一個部件，同時隨著時間的推移仍能保持其結構完整性。